Positron Emission Tomography (PET scans) are powerful imaging tools used to detect diseases such as cancer, heart conditions, and neurological disorders. However, because PET scans use a small amount of radioactive material, many patients wonder about their safety. Understanding how PET scans work, the level of radiation exposure involved, and the safety measures in place can help ease concerns.
How PET Scans Work
A PET scan uses radiotracers, which are radioactive substances that help highlight abnormalities in the body. The process includes:
- Injection of a Radiotracer – The patient receives an injection of a small amount of radioactive material, usually a sugar-based compound like fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).
- Absorption and Imaging – The radiotracer travels through the body and accumulates in areas of high metabolic activity, such as cancer cells. A specialized scanner detects the radiation and creates detailed images.
- Natural Elimination – The body gradually eliminates the radioactive material, primarily through urine within a few hours.
Radiation Exposure: How Safe Is a PET Scan?
Many people worry about radiation exposure from PET scans, but the levels are generally low. Here’s how they compare to other common sources of radiation:
- PET Scan: Exposure is roughly equivalent to a few years of natural background radiation.
- CT Scan: PET scans often have similar or slightly higher exposure than a single CT scan.
- Everyday Exposure: People are exposed to background radiation daily from the sun, air travel, and even household items.
The radioactive material used in PET scans has a short half-life, meaning it breaks down quickly and doesn’t remain in the body for long.
Safety Measures for Patients and Providers
Healthcare professionals follow strict protocols to minimize radiation exposure and ensure patient safety. Some key safety measures include:
- Using the Lowest Effective Dose – Doctors only administer the necessary amount of radiotracer for accurate imaging.
- Minimizing Scan Time – PET scans are designed to be as quick as possible while still gathering essential data.
- Encouraging Hydration – Drinking plenty of fluids after the scan helps flush the radiotracer out of the system.
- Limiting Close Contact – It may be recommended to limit extended close contact with pregnant women or young children for a few hours after the scan.
Who Should Take Extra Precautions?
While PET scans are safe for most people, certain groups may need additional considerations:
- Pregnant Women – Radiation exposure is minimized during pregnancy, so PET scans are typically avoided unless absolutely necessary.
- Breastfeeding Mothers – Some radiotracers may require temporary pausing of breastfeeding. Doctors provide guidance based on the specific radiotracer used.
- Allergies to Radiotracers – Although rare, allergic reactions to PET scan materials can occur. Patients should inform their doctor of any previous reactions.
- Kidney or Liver Conditions – Since the radiotracer is processed by the body, those with kidney or liver issues may require special monitoring.
PET Imaging in Dallas
PET scans are generally safe, with radiation exposure levels comparable to other medical imaging procedures and everyday background radiation. Medical professionals take every precaution to ensure patient safety while using these scans to detect and monitor serious health conditions.
If you have concerns about radiation exposure or whether a PET scan is right for you, speak with Southwest Diagnostic Imaging Center to weigh the risks and benefits based on your individual health needs.
Sources:
https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/articles/pet-scan-side-effects
https://www.iaea.org/resources/rpop/health-professionals/nuclear-medicine/pet-ct/patients
https://www.rnmcenter.com/blog/are-there-any-risks-of-having-a-pet-scan/